Blog · Alphabets and learning

Hindi Barakhadi: Every Consonant with Every Vowel Sign

By Piyush · Published 14 October 2026

Barakhadi (बारहखड़ी, “twelve letters”) is the chart of every Hindi consonant combined with the twelve vowel forms: क का कि की कु कू के कै को कौ कं कः. Each form is the consonant plus a vowel sign (matra); learning the twelve matras once lets you read and write every syllable in Hindi.

How barakhadi works

Every Hindi consonant already contains a short “a”: क is ka. To change the vowel you add a matra – a vowel sign written before, after, above or below the consonant. ि (i) is written before the consonant but pronounced after it: कि = ki. The last two forms add the nasal ं (anusvara) and the breath ः (visarga).

The twelve vowel forms on क

क का कि की कु कू के कै को कौ कं कः

Full Hindi barakhadi chart

Romanisation follows IAST: ā ī ū are long vowels, c is “ch”, dotted letters such as ṭ ḍ ṇ are retroflex.

	अ	◌ा	◌ि	◌ी	◌ु	◌ू	◌े	◌ै	◌ो	◌ौ	◌ं	◌ः
क	क ka	का kā	कि ki	की kī	कु ku	कू kū	के ke	कै kai	को ko	कौ kau	कं kaṃ	कः kaḥ
ख	ख kha	खा khā	खि khi	खी khī	खु khu	खू khū	खे khe	खै khai	खो kho	खौ khau	खं khaṃ	खः khaḥ
ग	ग ga	गा gā	गि gi	गी gī	गु gu	गू gū	गे ge	गै gai	गो go	गौ gau	गं gaṃ	गः gaḥ
घ	घ gha	घा ghā	घि ghi	घी ghī	घु ghu	घू ghū	घे ghe	घै ghai	घो gho	घौ ghau	घं ghaṃ	घः ghaḥ
ङ	ङ ṅa	ङा ṅā	ङि ṅi	ङी ṅī	ङु ṅu	ङू ṅū	ङे ṅe	ङै ṅai	ङो ṅo	ङौ ṅau	ङं ṅaṃ	ङः ṅaḥ
च	च ca	चा cā	चि ci	ची cī	चु cu	चू cū	चे ce	चै cai	चो co	चौ cau	चं caṃ	चः caḥ
छ	छ cha	छा chā	छि chi	छी chī	छु chu	छू chū	छे che	छै chai	छो cho	छौ chau	छं chaṃ	छः chaḥ
ज	ज ja	जा jā	जि ji	जी jī	जु ju	जू jū	जे je	जै jai	जो jo	जौ jau	जं jaṃ	जः jaḥ
झ	झ jha	झा jhā	झि jhi	झी jhī	झु jhu	झू jhū	झे jhe	झै jhai	झो jho	झौ jhau	झं jhaṃ	झः jhaḥ
ञ	ञ ña	ञा ñā	ञि ñi	ञी ñī	ञु ñu	ञू ñū	ञे ñe	ञै ñai	ञो ño	ञौ ñau	ञं ñaṃ	ञः ñaḥ
ट	ट ṭa	टा ṭā	टि ṭi	टी ṭī	टु ṭu	टू ṭū	टे ṭe	टै ṭai	टो ṭo	टौ ṭau	टं ṭaṃ	टः ṭaḥ
ठ	ठ ṭha	ठा ṭhā	ठि ṭhi	ठी ṭhī	ठु ṭhu	ठू ṭhū	ठे ṭhe	ठै ṭhai	ठो ṭho	ठौ ṭhau	ठं ṭhaṃ	ठः ṭhaḥ
ड	ड ḍa	डा ḍā	डि ḍi	डी ḍī	डु ḍu	डू ḍū	डे ḍe	डै ḍai	डो ḍo	डौ ḍau	डं ḍaṃ	डः ḍaḥ
ढ	ढ ḍha	ढा ḍhā	ढि ḍhi	ढी ḍhī	ढु ḍhu	ढू ḍhū	ढे ḍhe	ढै ḍhai	ढो ḍho	ढौ ḍhau	ढं ḍhaṃ	ढः ḍhaḥ
ण	ण ṇa	णा ṇā	णि ṇi	णी ṇī	णु ṇu	णू ṇū	णे ṇe	णै ṇai	णो ṇo	णौ ṇau	णं ṇaṃ	णः ṇaḥ
त	त ta	ता tā	ति ti	ती tī	तु tu	तू tū	ते te	तै tai	तो to	तौ tau	तं taṃ	तः taḥ
थ	थ tha	था thā	थि thi	थी thī	थु thu	थू thū	थे the	थै thai	थो tho	थौ thau	थं thaṃ	थः thaḥ
द	द da	दा dā	दि di	दी dī	दु du	दू dū	दे de	दै dai	दो do	दौ dau	दं daṃ	दः daḥ
ध	ध dha	धा dhā	धि dhi	धी dhī	धु dhu	धू dhū	धे dhe	धै dhai	धो dho	धौ dhau	धं dhaṃ	धः dhaḥ
न	न na	ना nā	नि ni	नी nī	नु nu	नू nū	ने ne	नै nai	नो no	नौ nau	नं naṃ	नः naḥ
प	प pa	पा pā	पि pi	पी pī	पु pu	पू pū	पे pe	पै pai	पो po	पौ pau	पं paṃ	पः paḥ
फ	फ pha	फा phā	फि phi	फी phī	फु phu	फू phū	फे phe	फै phai	फो pho	फौ phau	फं phaṃ	फः phaḥ
ब	ब ba	बा bā	बि bi	बी bī	बु bu	बू bū	बे be	बै bai	बो bo	बौ bau	बं baṃ	बः baḥ
भ	भ bha	भा bhā	भि bhi	भी bhī	भु bhu	भू bhū	भे bhe	भै bhai	भो bho	भौ bhau	भं bhaṃ	भः bhaḥ
म	म ma	मा mā	मि mi	मी mī	मु mu	मू mū	मे me	मै mai	मो mo	मौ mau	मं maṃ	मः maḥ
य	य ya	या yā	यि yi	यी yī	यु yu	यू yū	ये ye	यै yai	यो yo	यौ yau	यं yaṃ	यः yaḥ
र	र ra	रा rā	रि ri	री rī	रु ru	रू rū	रे re	रै rai	रो ro	रौ rau	रं raṃ	रः raḥ
ल	ल la	ला lā	लि li	ली lī	लु lu	लू lū	ले le	लै lai	लो lo	लौ lau	लं laṃ	लः laḥ
व	व va	वा vā	वि vi	वी vī	वु vu	वू vū	वे ve	वै vai	वो vo	वौ vau	वं vaṃ	वः vaḥ
श	श śa	शा śā	शि śi	शी śī	शु śu	शू śū	शे śe	शै śai	शो śo	शौ śau	शं śaṃ	शः śaḥ
ष	ष ṣa	षा ṣā	षि ṣi	षी ṣī	षु ṣu	षू ṣū	षे ṣe	षै ṣai	षो ṣo	षौ ṣau	षं ṣaṃ	षः ṣaḥ
स	स sa	सा sā	सि si	सी sī	सु su	सू sū	से se	सै sai	सो so	सौ sau	सं saṃ	सः saḥ
ह	ह ha	हा hā	हि hi	ही hī	हु hu	हू hū	हे he	है hai	हो ho	हौ hau	हं haṃ	हः haḥ

How to type barakhadi

On the Hindi keyboard (Inscript) type the consonant first and then the matra – also for ि, which appears before the letter on its own. With English to Hindi typing, type ki, kee or kau and pick the syllable.

Listen to every vowel and consonant on the Hindi alphabet page, where you can also print the chart.

Frequently asked questions

Why is it called barakhadi?

“Barah” means twelve: the chart shows each consonant with twelve vowel forms.

Is ऋ (ṛ) part of the barakhadi?

Its matra ृ (as in कृ) is usually taught separately, because it is less common; many charts leave it out.

How do I learn barakhadi quickly?

Learn the twelve matras on one consonant (क), then read the chart row by row aloud. Typing each row on the keyboard also helps you remember them.